- Nelson Mandela and seven others were sentenced to life in 1964 for daring to oppose apartheid.
- Apartheid was a system of official racial discrimination unique to South Africa.
- Blacks made up three-fourth of the population of the country.
- Blacks could work in Black areas only if they had a permit.
- They did not have voting rights.
- The ANC led the struggle for freedom.
- Nelson Mandela came out of Robben Island after 28 years of imprisonment.
- At the midnight of 26 April, 1994, the new national flag of South Africa was unfurled.
- Madiba was the first president of South Africa.
- The South African constitution took 2 years of discussion and debate.
- A set of basic rules which everyone living in a particular country has to follow is known as the constitution.
- In 1928, Motilal Nehru and eight other congressmen drafted a constitution for India.
- The resolution of 1931 dealt with how the constitution should look like.
- Elections were held in 1937 to Provincial Legislatures and Ministries all over British India.
- Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946.
- The Constituent assembly had 299 members.
- The Assembly adopted the constitution on 26 November, 1949 but it came into effect on 26 January, 1950.
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar prepared a draft constitution for discussion.
- The members deliberated for 114 days spread over three years.
- The name of Mahatma Gandhi's magazine was 'Young India'.
- The constitution starts with a small text named 'Preamble', it simply means a summary or introduction to what the motive of the constitution is.
- The changes made in the constitutions are called constitutional amendments.
Class 9th Civics Chapter 3 Notes
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